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Central bankers have been voracious buyers of gold during the last two years, and analysts look for that trend to continue in 2020.
Through the end of October, net official-sector purchases this year totaled 562 metric tons, reported Alistair Hewitt, director of market intelligence with the World Gold Council. That 56.2-tons-a-month average puts sales on pace to roughly match the 656 tons bought in 2018, which were the most central-bank purchases since 1967, according to WGC data.
“This year has been exceptionally strong. We think that next year, net buying will continue at a high level, even if it’s not as high as this year,†said Philip Newman, director of the London-based consultancy Metals Focus.
Goldman Sachs looks for global central banks to collectively acquire around 650 tons in 2020, while Standard Chartered is projecting central-bank purchases will total 525 tons.
“It’s still elevated,†said Suki Cooper, precious-metals analyst with Standard Chartered. “That is still firmly on the buy side.â€
‘Safe, liquid and generates returns’
Hewitt commented that central banks are looking at three main criteria when deciding to expand the amount of gold they hold within their foreign-exchange reserves.
“For a central bank, gold is a fantastic asset because it’s safe, liquid and generates returns over the long term,†Hewitt said.
He also listed two more factors why the central-bank buying has suddenly jumped in recent years.
“One issue is we are seeing heightened geopolitical tensions,†Hewitt said, with these involving major gold-buying countries and economies. “Central banks are looking toward gold to balance some of that risk.
“We’ve also got negative rates and yields for a large number of sovereign bonds.â€
Newman added that many central banks are “trying to get away†from the U.S. dollar. This is especially the case with Russia due to U.S. sanctions, he added.
As recently as 2017, most of the official-sector buying came from a handful of central banks, including Russia, Turkey and Kazakhstan. But in 2018 and 2019, there have been a slew, including some that had not been in the market for years.
“You’ve got a whole range of buyers,†Newman said.
The largest buyers during the first 10 months of the year were Turkey with 144.8 tons; Russia, 139; Poland, 100; and China, 95.8.
Others include Kazakhstan, 26.9 tons; India, 17.7; Qatar, 11; Ecuador, 10.6; Serbia and the U.K., 9.9; Argentina, 7; Colombia, 6.1; Kyrgyz Republic, 3.2; Mongolia, 2.3; Belarus, 1.9; Guinea, 0.9; Egypt and Mauritania, 0.7; Albania and Malta, 0.6; and Ukraine and Greece, 0.3.
Goldman Sachs projected that central-bank purchases could amount to as much as 22% of global supplies during 2019.
Central banks ‘buy for an extended period’
Hewitt looks for official-sector buying momentum to continue.
Central banks tend to put a lot of thought into decisions to buy – with a long, rigorous policy-making process — and purchase the metal for strategic reasons, rather than simply reacting to day-to-day moves in the price, Hewitt said.
“Once these people start buying, they continue to buy for an extended period of time,†Hewitt said. For instance, he pointed out that Kazakhstan has been a regular gold buyer since 2010.
“Both trade tensions and negative yields are still here,†Hewitt said. “They may rear their ugly heads again and become more pronounced, or they may fade away and become less pronounced. But those underlying forces will remain ever present in the market. Certainly in the next year or so, those two factors should continue to support and underpin central-bank demand for gold.â€
Observers pointed out that not only have central-bank gold purchases been strong, but sales have been light. Back in 1999, when European central banks were selling the metal, they began following central-bank sales agreements to try to limit how much was sold in any one year and thereby keep this from being a destabilizing force in the gold market.
These agreements have been discontinued, Hewitt noted. Commerzbank analysts pointed out they were no longer necessary since hardly any European central banks are selling anyway. Germany’s central bank sells a modest amount each year only for its coin-minting program, Hewitt said.
“The market was not bothered by the central-bank gold agreement coming to an end, partly because the gold market is very different from what it was in 1999,†Hewitt said, adding that there “dramatic selling†back then.
“The gold market today is just more diverse, more resilient and more liquid. That’s why the market just shrugged its shoulder when the central-bank gold agreement came to an end.â€
Further, analysts at Commerzbank, in their 2020 outlook, commented that one or more Western European central banks might even enter the market as a gold buyer.
“One possible candidate is the Dutch central bank (DNB), which in October published a remarkable statement about the role of gold on its website,†Commerzbank said. “In it, it described gold as an anchor of trust for the financial system. According to the DNB, gold reserves could serve as the basis for a new beginning in the event of a system collapse.
“If one or more Western central banks indeed started to actively buy gold, this would attract considerable attention and spark market reactions.â€
SOURCE: https://www.kitco.com/news/2019-12-18/Central-banks-appetite-for-gold-expected-to-continue.html
